Control group | Simulation group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | First endoscopy mean ± SD (CI) Column A | Second endoscopy mean ± SD (CI) Column B | First endoscopy mean ± SD (CI) Column C | Second endoscopy mean ± SD (CI) Column D | ANOVA p value |
Time to adequate visualization of the glottis (sec) | 92.9 ± 42.60 (78.3 - 107.4) | 65.6 ± 30.4 (55.2 - 76.0) | 76.7 ± 32.7 (65.5 - 87.8) | 70.4 ± 37.0 (57.8 - 83.0) | 0.10 |
Number of mucosal contacts | 5.2 ± 4.4 (3.7 - 6.7) | 3.2 ± 3.2 (2.1 - 4.3) | 4.9 ± 4.9 (3.2 - 6.6) | 3.3 ± 2.8 (2.3 - 4.2) | 0.77 |
Percentage of time adequate visualization of the airway was maintained | 82.9 ± 16.3 (77.3 – 88.4) | 82.4 ± 21.5 (75.1 – 89.8) | 77.8 ± 22.4 (70.2 – 85.5) | 83.4 ± 17.7 (77.3 – 89.4) | 0.38 |
Learner comfort (self reported)* | 4.6 ± 2.0 | 5.5 ± 1.9 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 2.0 | 0.13 |
Patient comfort (self reported)* | 3.27 ± 2.4 | 3.1 ± 3.0 | 3.6 ± 3.1 | 2.9 ± 2.5 | 0.62 |
Patient willingness to repeat the examination* | 1.6 ± 2.4 | 1.6 ± 2.9 | 1.7 ± 2.7 | 1.5 ± 2.4 | 0.84 |
Learner manipulation* | 3.6 ± 2.7 | 5.3 ± 2.7 | 3.2 ± 2.3 | 5.9 ± 2.0 | 0.23 |
Learner comfort (investigator evaluation)* | 3.5 ± 2.5 | 5.3 ± 2.5 | 3.1 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 2.2 | 0.24 |
Patient comfort (investigator evaluation)* | 6.5 ± 2.1 | 7.1 ± 2.1 | 6.4 ± 2.5 | 7.1 ± 2.0 | 0.92 |