Table 1 Comparison of technical characteristics and initial result of different approaches for secondary TEP
From: How I do it: modified Lichtenberger-Brown tracheoesophageal puncture procedure
Author | n | Visualization at TEP site via | Determination of TEP position | Puncturing tool | Direction of puncture | Procedure related complications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singer [1] | 60 | Rigid EsS | Transillumination & palpation | Custom troacar | Tr → Es | None |
Brown [8] | > 160 | Not required | Palpation | Scalpel | Tr → Es | None |
Schipper [7] | 12 | Rigid EsS | No info | Dedicated troacar | Es → Tr | None |
Lichtenberger [2] | 3 | Surgical LS | Inspection & palpation | Needle + metal cone | Es → Tr | None |
Shaw [9] | 4 | Surgical LS | Transillumination | KTP laser | Es → Tr | None |
LeBert [3] | 39 | Flexible EsS | Transillumination | Scalpel No. 11 | Tr → Es | None |
Pagedar [6] | 6 | Rigid EsS | Transillumination | Needle 15-gauge | Tr → Es | None |
Damrose [5] | 34 | Rigid or flexible EsS | Transillumination & palpation | Needle 16-gauge | Tr → Es | 1/34 retropharyngeal abscess, attributable to the rigid EsS |