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Table 4 Analysis by study group

From: Use of a Low-fidelity simulator to improve trans-nasal fibre-optic flexible laryngoscopy in the clinical setting: a randomized, single-blinded, prospective study

Variable

Control group mean ± SD

Simulation group mean ± SD

p value

Time to adequate visualization of the glottis (sec)

84.8 ± 38.0

68 ± 33.9

0.36

Number of mucosal contacts

5.0 ± 4.6

3.23 ± 3.0

0.88

Percentage of time that adequate visualization of the airway was maintained

80.3 ± 19.6

82.9 ± 19.7

0.55

Learner comfort* (self reported)

4.2 ± 1.9

5.7 ± 2.0

0.59

Patient comfort* (self reported)

3.4 ± 2.8

3.0 ± 2.8

0.95

Patient willingness to repeat the examination

1.7 ± 2.6

1.5 ± 2.7

1.0

Learner manipulation (investigator evaluation)*

3.4 ± 2.5

5.6 ± 2.4

0.83

Learner comfort (investigator evaluation)*

3.3 ± 2.4

5.6 ± 2.4

0.83

Patient comfort (investigator evaluation)*

6.4 ± 2.4

7.1 ± 2.1

0.92

  1. * = 1 to 10 scale; SD = standard deviation.