Table 2 Summary of Studies Included in our Systematic Review
From: Measurement tools for the diagnosis of nasal septal deviation: a systematic review
| Study | Study group | Control group | Diagnostic measure (s) | Sensitivity (SN)/Specificity (SP) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choi et al [14] | 43 patients Ages 18 to 48 years (mean 35 +/-13 yrs) | n = 40 Ages 20 to 50 years (mean 32+/-24 years) | NSSA compared with PNIF and VAS | SN = 86% and SP = 83% for NSSA in septal deviation patients at 2000-4000 Hz interval. SN = 79% and SP = 78% for PNIF | Correlation between PNIF and NSSA for frequency interval 2000- 4000 Hz in deviated patients (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) |
| Mamikoglu et al [31] | 24 patients Ages 14 to 67 (median 36) | No control group | AR compared with CT scans MCA measured 2, 4 and 6 cm from the nostril | SN of AR in detecting anterior septal deviations is 57% and SP is 70% when assessing minor septal deviations seen on CT | AR and CT correlate well at if deviation present at a distance of 2 cm from anterior nose (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Correlation decreases past 4 cm and AR is not accurate beyond 6 cm |
| Tahamiler et al [32] | 61 patients Ages 18 to 66 years (mean 32 +/-11) | No control group | Comparison between AR and VAS using OR at 200- 6000 Hz (MCA 1 measured 2.2 cm from anterior nose) | Not mentioned | Weak correlation but significant results for OR at 2000-4000 Hz and 4000-6000 Hz interval (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) with AR for 2.2 cm from the vestibule for measurement taken ipsilateral to the deviation. Between VAS and OR at 2000-4000 Hz (r = 0.41, p < 0.01) for ipsilateral deviation |
| Tahamiler et al [33] | n = 68, Ages 18 to 54 years, (mean 32) | n = 61 Ages 17 to 56 years, (mean 34) | Expiratory/inspiratory nasal sound with OR, Compared with VAS and RMM | None mentioned | OR correlates well with VAS/RMM and can be useful tool is measuring nasal patency in 2000-4000 Hz interval (p < 0.0001) |
| Huygen et al [34] | n = 193, no ages given. (Site of septal deviation; vestibule, valve, anterior-superior portion/central and posterior areas) | n = 33, 21-67 years of age | RMM (mean flow at transnasal pressure of 150 Pa) vs rhinoscopic measurement of deviation | None mentioned | RMM is a poor tool for localization of deviation. |
| Had 80% detection rate for only severe deviations in nasal vestibule and valve | |||||
| Szucs et al [13] | n = 50 Ages 18 to 64, (mean 33) Group 1, n = 8 severe septal deviation anterior nasal cavity up to 2.5 cm from columella, Cottle area I and II Group 2, n = 14 moderate deviation, anterior nasal cavity Cottle area I and II Group 3, n = 12, middle nasal cavity between 2.5 to 4.5 cm from columella, Cottle area IV Group 4, n = 16, posterior nasal cavity, between 4.5 to 8 cm from columella Cottle area V (Figure 2) | n = 15 | RMM and AR. Inspiratory and expiratory nasal airway resistance (NAR) at 75 and 150 Pa measured for RMM. MCA and volume of nasal cavity at deviation measured by AR | Both AR and RMM show sensitivity in diagnosis of severe and moderate septal deviation in the anterior part of nasal cavity. Not sensitive enough in middle/ posterior deviations | p <0.05 for MCA, Volume and NAR at 75 and 150 Pa for anterior septal deviation. p > 0.05 for MCA, Volume, and NAR at and 150 Pa for middle and posterior deviations |
| Huang et al [35] | n = 77 (significant septal deviation); Ages 19-74 yrs, mean age = 39 | n = 89 Ages 19-74 yrs, mean age = 39 | AR; Mean MCA (anterior 1-5 cm from the anterior nose) Total V (between points at the nostril to 5 cm into the nose) | No sensitivity values given but concluded AR is a sensitive tool to determine structural abnormality | mMCA (p = 0.001) and Total V (p = 0.04) measured on the narrower side was smaller than in the wider part of nasal cavity indicating volume compensation |
| Sedaghat et al [36] | n = 137 74 males, 63 females mean age = 42 years All had septal deviation | No control group | Nasal endoscopy, anterior rhinoscopy, physical exam | SN = 86.9% and SP = 91.8% | PPV = 93.6% and NPV = 96.4% for septal surgery. Clinical assessment of patients with deviated nasal septum is accurate in predicting them needing medical intervention |