Figure 2
From: CO2 laser versus cold steel margin analysis following endoscopic excision of glottic cancer
Examples of histological grading system for artifact. A) None: Well preserved surface epithelium, seromucinous glands and stroma. B) Minor: Well preserved surface epithelium. Seromucinous glands show some indistinct hyperchromatic areas (arrow). C) Marked: Surface epithelium is partially denuded with remainder showing severe artifact (arrow). Lamina propria is relatively preserved and can be assessed for invasive carcinoma (asterisk). D) Uninterpretable: Fragmented margin tissue with detached surface epithelium (arrow) and indistinct fragments of lamina propria.