Table 1 Mortality and gastropharyngeal anastomosis complications after pharyngo-esophagectomy and gastric pull up

Mansour [4] -1990

6

1 (17 %)

0

0

0

–

El-Naqeeb [5] -1990

24

1 (4 %)

–

–

0

–

Mehta [30] -1990

75

10 (13 %)

–

–

7 (9 %)

Pulmonary sepsis and respiratory failure (2); PE(1); carotid castrophe(1); MI (2); cirrhosis, ascites, septicemia (1)

Spiro [31] -1991

120

15 (13 %)

5 (4 %)

–

13 (11 %)

Anastomotic leakage, tracheal injury, major arterial bleeding (8); respiratory insufficiency (2); liver failure with sepsis (1); peritonitis after acute pseudomembranous colitis (1); multisystem failure with massive intrapleural bleeding after central venous line injury (1)

Madsen [6] -1992

3

–

–

–

0

–

Carlson [17] -1992

23

6 (26 %)

0

3 (13 %)

2 (9 %)

Ruptured innominate artery after fistula formation (1); MI (1)

Wight [32] -1992

16

3 (19 %)

–

–

2 (13 %)

Cerebrovascular accident and later dehiscence of the anterior part of the pharyngo-gastric anastomosis (1); fistula between trachea and the subclavian artery (1)

Marmuse [33] -1994

20

1 (5 %)

–

–

2 (10 %)

MI (2)

Cahow [34] -1994

59

2 (3 %)

1 (2 %)

4 (7 %)

3 (5 %)

Thoracic duct injury with pneumothorax, MI, heart failure, cardiogenic shock(1); pneumothorax, pneumonic sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ failure (1); jejunostomy tube displacement, peritonitis and sepsis (1)

Laterza [35] -1994

49

2 (4 %)

2 (4 %)

–

3 (6 %)

–

Yoshino [7] -1995

4

–

–

–

0

–

Bardini [15] -1995

95

22 (23 %)

10 (11 %)

–

14 (15 %)

Anastomotic leak (5); gastric necrosis (4); other (5)

Shenoy [36] -1996

105

15 (14 %)

10 (10 %)

0

16 (15 %)

Intraoperative death due to injury to the posterior tracheal wall injury (1); pharyngocutaneous fistula (5); obsturctive pulmonary disease, pneumotitis or septicemia (9)

Axon [18] -1997

29

3 (10 %)

0

1 (3 %)

4 (14 %)

–

Azurin [19] -1997

19

1 (5 %)

0

2 (11 %)

1 (5 %)

Intraoperatively discovered cirrhosis, anastomotic leak, acute liver failure, multiorgan failure (1)

Al Ghamdi [37] -1998

15

6 (40 %)

–

2 (13 %)

1 (7 %)

Fistula leading to bronchopneumonia (1)

Wei [38] -1998

69

6 (9 %)

1 (1 %)

–

6 (9 %)

Gastric fundus necrosis (1); chest infection and cardiac problems (2); recurrent tumor (2); cerbrovascular accident (1)

Dudhat [39] -1999

60

5 (8 %)

–

0

5 (8 %)

Pulmonary sepsis (1); MI (2); carotid blow out secondary to anastomotic leak (1); septicaemia related to anastomotic leak (1)

Hartley [40] -1999

41

1 (2 %)

–

–

3 (7 %)

Bronchopneumonia (2); hemorrhage(1)

Sullivan [41] -1999

32

10 (32 %)

–

–

4 (12 %)

Multiorgan failure as a result of uncontrolled neck sepsis due to anastomotic leak and fistula (2); PE (1); MI (1)

Affleck [42] -2000

31

2 (6 %)

–

–

3 (10 %)

–

Martins [43] -2000

30

8 (27 %)

2 (7 %)

–

6 (20 %)

Innominate artery rupture (2); carotid artery rupture (1); pneumonia (1); cardiac arrhythmia (1); pulmpnary embolus (1)

Sagawa [44] -2000

6

1 (17 %)

1 (17 %)

0

1 (17 %)

Gastric necrosis leading to arterial bleeding (1)

Jones [45] -2001

50

1 (2 %)

4 (8 %)

1 (2 %)

–

–

Triboulet [25]-2001

127

20 (16 %)

2 (2 %)

8 (6 %)

–

–

Ullah [46] -2002

26

4 (15 %)

–

5 (19 %)

3 (12 %)

Pneumonia (1); congestive heart failure (1); PE (1)

Wong [8] -2003

12

1 (8 %)

–

–

0

–

Puttawibul [24]-2004

48

4 (8 %)

1 (2 %)

–

1 (2 %)

Fundal necrosis, localized infection and carotid artery blow out(1)

Rossi [9] -2005

4

0

0

0

0

–

Clark [22] -2006

21

10 (48 %)

5 (24 %)

6 (29 %)

–

Llorente Pendas [14] -2006

12

6 (50 %)

–

–

4 (33 %)

Cervical Fistual and Sepsis (2); subphrenic abscess (1); general deterioration and multiple organ failure (1)

Pesko [20] -2006

29

5 (17 %)

0

–

3 (10 %)

Anastomotic leak and systemic sepsis (3)

Daiko [47] -2007

19

2 (11 %)

2 (11 %)

–

2 (11 %)

Necrosis of the stomach (1)

Iseli [10] -2007

7

0

–

0

0

–

Krdžalić [11] -2007

4

1 (25 %)

–

–

0

–

Ferahkose [48] -2008

38

1 (3 %)

2 (5 %)

0

2 (5 %)

Gastric necrsosis with sepsis (2)

Keereweer [3] -2010

19

10 (53 %)

2 (11 %)

–

3 (16 %)

Gastric necrosis and respiratory failure (1); mediastinal hemorrhage (1); carotid blow out (1)

Mansour [12] -2011

5

–

–

–

0

–

Shuangba [16] -2011

208

19 (9 %)

–

7 (3 %)

4 (2 %)

Pneumonitis(1); heart failure(2); hemoperitoneum(1)

Tong [49] -2011

70

4 (6 %)

3 (4 %)

–

3 (4 %)

Pneumonia (3)

Camaioni [50] -2012

23

2 (9 %)

–

–

2 (9 %)

–

Sreehariprasad [51] - 2012

17

1 (6 %)

–

–

0

–

Joshi [52] -2013

32

–

5 (16 %)

–

6 (19 %)

–

Lambert [13] -2013

9

1 (11 %)

–

–

0

–

Sayles [53] -2013

19

9 (47 %)

–

–

–

–

Denewer [21] -2014

32

5 (16 %)

0

3 (9 %)

–

–

Sun [54] -2014

48

4 (8 %)

–

–

–

–