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Table 2 The face validity scores by otolaryngologists and resident trainees

From: Assessment of a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator: a national face and content validity study

Face Validity

Domains

Junior Trainees (PGY 1–2)

Senior Trainees (PGY 3+)

Low-volume Surgeons (0–10 Mastoids/year)

High-volume Surgeons (> 10 Mastoids/year)

p-value*

Realistic Appearance of Anatomy

A

A

A

SA

ns

Realistic Appearance of Drill

A

SA

A

SA

ns

Realistic Performance of Drill

A

A

A

A

ns

Realistic Haptic Feedback

N

A

A

N

ns

Realistic Ergonomics

N/A

A

A

D

0.022

Realistic Depth Perception

A

A

A

A

ns

Realistic Overall Graphics Quality

A

A

A/SA

A

ns

  1. SA = Strongly Agree, A = Agree, N=Neutral, D = Disagree, ns = not significant
  2. * chi-sqaure test, p ≤ 0.05 considered significant