From: Bacterial aetiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in children - risk factors
Characteristics | S. pneumoniae | H. influenzae | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | p value | OR (95%CI) | p value | |
Age (yr) | 1.7 (0.9–3.0) | 0.088 | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.60 |
Male sex | 5.1 (0.6–44.9) | 0.14 | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | 0.19 |
Good social status | 5.3 (1.0–28.6) | 0.055 | 0.9 (0.2–3.6) | 0.91 |
Rural residence | 1.4 (0.3–6.0) | 0.66 | 0.8 (0.2–3.0) | 0.70 |
Parental smoking | 2.5 (0.6–11.1) | 0.23 | 3.8 (0.9–14.8) | 0.06 |
Breastfeeding | – | – | 0.05 (0.005–0.6) | 0.014 |
Cesarean childbirth | 1.8 (0.4–7.6) | 0.44 | 0.6 (0.1–2.2) | 0.40 |
Bilateral OME | 0.16 (0.02–1.4) | 0.097 | 8.4 (1.9–37.4) | 0.005 |
Duration of symptoms | 1.0 (0.99–1.0) | 0.89 | 1.0 (0.99–1.0) | 0.46 |
Frequent URTI | 2.6 (0.3–23.2) | 0.40 | 0.8 (0.2–3.7) | 0.77 |
Snoring | 0.3 (0.07–1.3) | 0.11 | 0.9 (0.2–3.7) | 0.91 |
Allergy | 0.7 (0.08–6.9) | 0.78 | 0.5 (0.05–4.5) | 0.52 |
Pneumococcal vaccination | 1.9 (0.4–8.5) | 0.38 | 1.8 (0.5–6.7) | 0.41 |