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Table 4 The associations of epidemiological factors with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae MEF positive samples in children with OME

From: Bacterial aetiology of chronic otitis media with effusion in children - risk factors

Characteristics

S. pneumoniae

H. influenzae

OR (95%CI)

p value

OR (95%CI)

p value

Age (yr)

1.7 (0.9–3.0)

0.088

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

0.60

Male sex

5.1 (0.6–44.9)

0.14

0.4 (0.1–1.5)

0.19

Good social status

5.3 (1.0–28.6)

0.055

0.9 (0.2–3.6)

0.91

Rural residence

1.4 (0.3–6.0)

0.66

0.8 (0.2–3.0)

0.70

Parental smoking

2.5 (0.6–11.1)

0.23

3.8 (0.9–14.8)

0.06

Breastfeeding

0.05 (0.005–0.6)

0.014

Cesarean childbirth

1.8 (0.4–7.6)

0.44

0.6 (0.1–2.2)

0.40

Bilateral OME

0.16 (0.02–1.4)

0.097

8.4 (1.9–37.4)

0.005

Duration of symptoms

1.0 (0.99–1.0)

0.89

1.0 (0.99–1.0)

0.46

Frequent URTI

2.6 (0.3–23.2)

0.40

0.8 (0.2–3.7)

0.77

Snoring

0.3 (0.07–1.3)

0.11

0.9 (0.2–3.7)

0.91

Allergy

0.7 (0.08–6.9)

0.78

0.5 (0.05–4.5)

0.52

Pneumococcal vaccination

1.9 (0.4–8.5)

0.38

1.8 (0.5–6.7)

0.41