Table 10 Characteristics of included studies on nebulizers/atomizers
Author, year | Study Design | Level of Evidence | Subjects (n) | Study Groups | Study outcomes | Conclusion | Directness of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tseng, 2014 [52] | Experimental study | N/A | 15 | Healthy subjects | Bacterial contamination of atomizer nozzle tip (bacterial cultures). | 1. 18 out of 30 samples (60%) were positive for bacterial growth at the atomizer tip. 2. During the spray process, aerosols were noted traveling backwards through the reversed jet flow and attaching to the nozzle tip, contaminating the tip. | Indirect |