Table 8 Characteristics of included studies on oropharyngeal surgeries and dental procedures

Ishihama, 2010 [27]

Descriptive, cross sectional study

N/A

Patients undergoing head and neck surgeries.

Blood-contaminated aerosols in OR air conduction filters

Surgical procedures using electrocautery and high-speed rotating instruments can result in aerosolization of blood.

Direct

Ishihama, 2009 [42]

Descriptive, cross sectional study

N/A

Patients undergoing third molar removal

Blood-contaminated aerosols in air samples

At 20 cm: 76% particles were blood contaminated, at 100 cm: 57%. Blood aerosols can be generated during oral surgery with high speed instruments

Direct

Ishihama, 2008 [43]

Descriptive, cross sectional study

N/A

Patients undergoing third molar removal

Blood-contamination of mask, visor and gown

Dental procedures with high-speed instruments exposed surgeons to possible blood-borne infections by splashing in nearly 90% of cases; blood splatters were confirmed in 84% of cases and 76% of visor masks

Indirect

Al-Eid, 2018 [44]

Descriptive, cross sectional study

N/A

Patients undergoing third molar removal

Blood-contamination of mask, visor and gown

Blood contamination was present for 100% of facemasks and gloves, 87% of protective eyewear, 73% of surgical gowns

Indirect

Hallier, 2010 [45]

Descriptive, cross sectional study

N/A

Patients undergoing dental procedures

Bacterial growth, caused by aerosol contamination, sampled 20 cm from dental chair.

Oral examination, tooth extraction, oral cavity preparation and ultrasonic scaling produce pathogen containing aerosols, which can form bacteria colonies

Direct

Perdelli, 2008 [46]

Experimental study

N/A

Patients undergoing dental procedures and maxillofacial surgery in the OR and experimental during autopsy

Hemoglobin concentration in air samples from dental cubicles, MFS operating room and autopsy room

Hemoglobin concentrations in air samples were highest in dental operations and lowest during autopsy procedures

Indirect