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Table 9 Characteristics of included studies on mastoid surgery

From: Clinical evidence based review and recommendations of aerosol generating medical procedures in otolaryngology – head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author, year

Study Design

Level of Evidence

Subjects (n)

Study Groups

Study outcomes

Conclusion

Directness of evidence

Norris, 2011 [49]

Experimental study

N/A

3 Temporal bones

Respiratory airway, mannequin model

Concentration of particular matter in three conditions: without a mask, with a surgical mask, with an N95 respirator

The average concentration of bone dust particles with standard surgical masks was 1.66 mg/m3, compared with undetectable (< 0.81 mg/m3) with the use of an N95 respirator.

Indirect

Hilal, 2005 [50]

Experimental study

N/A

6 temporal bones

 

1.Penetration of bone dust and particulates onto the corneal surface of fish eyes placed 50 cm and 1 m away

2. bone dust scattering radius

All corneas examined (up to 1 m away) had numerous bone particles penetrating the corneal surface. In vivo, bone dust scatters 106 cm in all directions.

Indirect

Lannigan, 1989 [51]

Experimental study

N/A

Unknown

 

Maximum radius of black fluid spray of various drill speeds

Maximum radius of spray was 41 cm with a drill at 40,000 RPM.

Indirect

  1. RPM revolutions per minute