All patients (n = 38,202) | Non-frailty (n = 37,900) | Frailty (n = 302) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | < 0.0001 | |||
< 45 | 13,448 (35.20%) | 13,400 (35.36%) | 48 (15.89%) | |
45–64 | 16,189 (42.38%) | 16,089 (42.45%) | 100 (33.11%) | |
65+ | 8565 (22.42%) | 8411 (22.19%) | 154 (50.99%) | |
Gender | < 0.0001 | |||
Female | 27,898 (73.54%) | 27,721 (73.66%) | 177 (58.61%) | |
Male | 10,036 (26.46%) | 9911 (26.34%) | 125 (41.39%) | |
Missing | 268 | |||
Race | < 0.0001 | |||
White | 23,203 (60.74%) | 23,023 (60.75%) | 180 (59.60%) | |
Black | 2261 (5.92%) | 2229 (5.88%) | 32 (10.60%) | |
Hispanic | 3919 (10.26%) | 3878 (10.23%) | 41 (13.58%) | |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 1920 (5.03%) | 1914 (5.05%) | 6 (1.99%) | |
Others | 6899 (18.06%) | 6856 (18.09%) | 43 (14.24%) | |
Household income | < 0.0001 | |||
0-25th percentile | 6985 (18.69%) | 6897 (18.61%) | 88 (29.73%) | |
26th–50th percentile | 8268 (22.13%) | 8182 (22.07%) | 86 (29.05%) | |
51th–75th percentile | 9358 (25.04%) | 9298 (25.08%) | 60 (20.27%) | |
76th–100th percentile | 12,754 (34.13%) | 12,692 (34.24%) | 62 (20.95%) | |
Missing | 837 | |||
Insurance status/Primary Payer | < 0.0001 | |||
Medicare/Medicaid | 11,963 (31.35%) | 11,762 (31.07%) | 201 (66.56%) | |
Non-Medicare | 26,196 (68.65%) | 26,095 (68.93%) | 101 (33.44%) | |
Missing | 43 | |||
Admission type | < 0.0001 | |||
Elective (ref) | 34,307 (90.05%) | 34,106 (90.24%) | 201 (66.78%) | |
Emergent | 3790 (9.95%) | 3690 (9.76%) | 100 (32.22%) | |
Procedure type | 0.001 | |||
Unilateral/partial thyroidectomy | 9270 (24.27%) | 9178 (24.22%) | 92 (30.46%) | |
Total (complete) thyroidectomy | 27,715 (72.55%) | 27,522 (72.62%) | 193 (63.91%) | |
Substernal | 1217 (3.19%) | 1200 (3.17%) | 17 (5.63%) | |
Required cervical LN dissection | < 0.0001 | |||
No (ref) | 29,102 (76.18%) | 28,918 (76.30%) | 184 (60.93%) | |
Yes | 9100 (23.82%) | 8982 (23.70%) | 118 (39.07%) | |
Metastasis to the lungs | < 0.0001 | |||
No (ref) | 37,417 (97.95%) | 37,171 (98.08%) | 246 (81.46%) | |
Yes | 785 (2.05%) | 729 (1.92%) | 56 (18.54%) | |
Metastasis to the bone | < 0.0001 | |||
No (ref) | 37,984 (99.43%) | 37,700 (99.47%) | 284 (94.04%) | |
Yes | 218 (0.57%) | 200 (0.53%) | 18 (5.96%) | |
Smoking | 0.133 | |||
None (ref) | 32,391 (84.79%) | 32,134 (84.79%) | 257 (85.10%) | |
Former | 3193 (8.36%) | 3175 (8.38%) | 18 (5.96%) | |
Current | 2618 (8.94%) | 2591 (6.84%) | 27 (8.94%) | |
Overweight and obesity | 0.198 | |||
No (ref) | 34,484 (90.27%) | 34,218 (90.28%) | 266 (88.08%) | |
Yes | 3718 (9.73%) | 3682 (9.72%) | 36 (11.92%) | |
CCI | – | |||
0–1 (ref) | 33,916 (88.78%) | 33,722 (88.98%) | 194 (64.24%) | |
2 | 2927 (7.66%) | 2864 (7.56%) | 63 (20.86%) | |
3+ | 1359 (3.56%) | 1314 (3.47%) | 45 (14.90%) | |
Hospital characteristics | ||||
Hospital bed size | 0.348 | |||
Small (ref) | 4245 (11.16%) | 4220 (11.18%) | 25 (8.50%) | |
Medium | 7228 (19.00%) | 7170 (19.00%) | 7228 (19.00%) | |
Large | 26,566 (69.84%) | 26,355 (69.82%) | 211 (71.77%) | |
Missing | 163 | |||
Location/teaching status | 0.326 | |||
Rural | 1940 (5.10%) | 1926 (5.10%) | 14 (4.76%) | |
Urban nonteaching | 11,264 (29.61%) | 11,188 (29.64%) | 76 (25.85%) | |
Urban teaching | 24,835 (65.29%) | 24,631 (65.26%) | 204 (69.39%) | |
Missing | 163 | |||
Hospital region | < 0.0001 | |||
Northeast (ref) | 12,236 (32.03%) | 12,184 (32.15%) | 52 (17.22%) | |
Midwest | 6444 (16.87%) | 6378 (16.83%) | 66 (21.85%) | |
South | 9563 (23.03%) | 9456 (24.95%) | 107 (35.43%) | |
West | 9959 (26.07%) | 9882 (26.07%) | 77 (25.50%) | |
Hospital volume (surgeries/year) | < 0.0001 | |||
Low (< 8) | 12,042 (31.52%) | 11,901 (31.40%) | 141 (46.69%) | |
Intermediate (8–44) | 17,107 (44.78%) | 16,983 (44.81%) | 124 (41.06%) | |
High (> 44) | 9053 (23.70%) | 9016 (23.79%) | 37 (12.25%) |