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Table 2 Demographic, clinical and hospital characteristics

From: Impact of frailty on inpatient outcomes in thyroid cancer surgery: 10-year results from the U.S. national inpatient sample

 

All patients

(n = 38,202)

Non-frailty

(n = 37,900)

Frailty

(n = 302)

p-value

Age group

   

< 0.0001

 < 45

13,448

(35.20%)

13,400

(35.36%)

48

(15.89%)

 

 45–64

16,189

(42.38%)

16,089

(42.45%)

100

(33.11%)

 

 65+

8565

(22.42%)

8411

(22.19%)

154

(50.99%)

 

Gender

   

< 0.0001

 Female

27,898

(73.54%)

27,721

(73.66%)

177

(58.61%)

 

 Male

10,036

(26.46%)

9911

(26.34%)

125

(41.39%)

 

 Missing

268

   

Race

   

< 0.0001

 White

23,203

(60.74%)

23,023

(60.75%)

180

(59.60%)

 

 Black

2261

(5.92%)

2229

(5.88%)

32

(10.60%)

 

 Hispanic

3919

(10.26%)

3878

(10.23%)

41

(13.58%)

 

 Asian/Pacific Islander

1920

(5.03%)

1914

(5.05%)

6

(1.99%)

 

 Others

6899

(18.06%)

6856

(18.09%)

43

(14.24%)

 

Household income

   

< 0.0001

 0-25th percentile

6985

(18.69%)

6897

(18.61%)

88

(29.73%)

 

 26th–50th percentile

8268

(22.13%)

8182

(22.07%)

86

(29.05%)

 

 51th–75th percentile

9358

(25.04%)

9298

(25.08%)

60

(20.27%)

 

 76th–100th percentile

12,754

(34.13%)

12,692

(34.24%)

62

(20.95%)

 

 Missing

837

   

Insurance status/Primary Payer

   

< 0.0001

 Medicare/Medicaid

11,963

(31.35%)

11,762

(31.07%)

201

(66.56%)

 

 Non-Medicare

26,196

(68.65%)

26,095

(68.93%)

101

(33.44%)

 

 Missing

43

   

Admission type

   

< 0.0001

 Elective (ref)

34,307

(90.05%)

34,106

(90.24%)

201

(66.78%)

 

 Emergent

3790

(9.95%)

3690

(9.76%)

100

(32.22%)

 

Procedure type

   

0.001

 Unilateral/partial thyroidectomy

9270

(24.27%)

9178

(24.22%)

92

(30.46%)

 

 Total (complete) thyroidectomy

27,715

(72.55%)

27,522

(72.62%)

193

(63.91%)

 

 Substernal

1217

(3.19%)

1200

(3.17%)

17

(5.63%)

 

Required cervical LN dissection

   

< 0.0001

 No (ref)

29,102

(76.18%)

28,918

(76.30%)

184

(60.93%)

 

 Yes

9100

(23.82%)

8982

(23.70%)

118

(39.07%)

 

Metastasis to the lungs

   

< 0.0001

 No (ref)

37,417

(97.95%)

37,171

(98.08%)

246

(81.46%)

 

 Yes

785

(2.05%)

729

(1.92%)

56

(18.54%)

 

Metastasis to the bone

   

< 0.0001

 No (ref)

37,984

(99.43%)

37,700

(99.47%)

284

(94.04%)

 

 Yes

218

(0.57%)

200

(0.53%)

18

(5.96%)

 

Smoking

   

0.133

 None (ref)

32,391

(84.79%)

32,134

(84.79%)

257

(85.10%)

 

 Former

3193

(8.36%)

3175

(8.38%)

18

(5.96%)

 

Current

2618

(8.94%)

2591

(6.84%)

27

(8.94%)

 

Overweight and obesity

   

0.198

 No (ref)

34,484

(90.27%)

34,218

(90.28%)

266

(88.08%)

 

 Yes

3718

(9.73%)

3682

(9.72%)

36

(11.92%)

 

CCI

   

 0–1 (ref)

33,916

(88.78%)

33,722

(88.98%)

194

(64.24%)

 

 2

2927

(7.66%)

2864

(7.56%)

63

(20.86%)

 

 3+

1359

(3.56%)

1314

(3.47%)

45

(14.90%)

 

Hospital characteristics

    

 Hospital bed size

   

0.348

 Small (ref)

4245

(11.16%)

4220

(11.18%)

25

(8.50%)

 

 Medium

7228

(19.00%)

7170

(19.00%)

7228

(19.00%)

 

 Large

26,566

(69.84%)

26,355

(69.82%)

211

(71.77%)

 

 Missing

163

   

 Location/teaching status

   

0.326

 Rural

1940

(5.10%)

1926

(5.10%)

14

(4.76%)

 

 Urban nonteaching

11,264

(29.61%)

11,188

(29.64%)

76

(25.85%)

 

 Urban teaching

24,835

(65.29%)

24,631

(65.26%)

204

(69.39%)

 

 Missing

163

   

 Hospital region

   

< 0.0001

 Northeast (ref)

12,236

(32.03%)

12,184

(32.15%)

52

(17.22%)

 

 Midwest

6444

(16.87%)

6378

(16.83%)

66

(21.85%)

 

 South

9563

(23.03%)

9456

(24.95%)

107

(35.43%)

 

 West

9959

(26.07%)

9882

(26.07%)

77

(25.50%)

 

 Hospital volume (surgeries/year)

   

< 0.0001

 Low (< 8)

12,042

(31.52%)

11,901

(31.40%)

141

(46.69%)

 

 Intermediate (8–44)

17,107

(44.78%)

16,983

(44.81%)

124

(41.06%)

 

 High (> 44)

9053

(23.70%)

9016

(23.79%)

37

(12.25%)