Table 2 Mean ACPA speech outcomes, combined

Hypernasality

4.30 (1.07)

1.68 (1.02)

 < .0001

Hyponasality

1.19 (0.47)

1.08 (0.28)

 < 0.005

Audible nasal emissions

4.12 (1.18)

1.72 (1.04)

 < .0001

Velopharyngeal function

2.95 (0.24)

1.44 (0.72)

 < .0001

Articulation proficiency

2.88 (1.53)

1.94 (1.19)

 < .0001

Overall intelligibility

3.33 (1.30)

1.93 (1.14)

 < .0001

Voice quality

1.21 (0.65)

1.15 (0.54)

NS