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Table 3 Mean ACPA speech outcomes by procedure

From: Surgical interventions in velopharyngeal dysfunction: comparative perceptual speech and nasometric outcomes for three techniques

ACPA speech variable

Pre-op (SD)

Post-op (SD)

p value

Pharyngeal flap

Hypernasality

4.32 (1.02)

1.40 (0.70)

 < .0001

Hyponasality

1.21 (0.47)

1.08 (0.28)

 < 0.005

Audible nasal emmisions

4.13 (1.14)

1.45 (0.68)

 < .0001

Velopharyngeal function

2.98 (0.20)

1.25 (0.52)

 < .0001

Articulation proficiency

2.72 (1.43)

1.82 (1.05)

 < .0001

Overall intelligibility

3.28 (1.16)

1.75 (0.99)

 < .0001

Voice quality

1.20 (0.68)

1.13 (0.52)

NS

Furlow palatoplasty

Hypernasality

4.15 (1.11)

2.01 (1.20)

 < .0001

Hyponasality

1.17 (0.48)

1.08 (0.28)

 < 0.01

Audible nasal emmisions

4.06 (1.23)

2.13 (1.33)

 < .0001

Velopharyngeal function

2.92 (0.28)

1.71 (0.86)

 < .0001

Articulation proficiency

3.10 (1.64)

2.13 (1.42)

 < .0001

Overall intelligibility

3.35 (1.46)

2.19 (1.33)

 < .0001

Voice quality

1.22 (0.61)

1.15 (0.57)

NS

Sphincter pharyngoplasty

Hypernasality

5.11 (1.05)

2.67 (1.58)

 < .0001

Hyponasality

1.11 (0.33)

1.11 (0.33)

NS

Audible nasal emmisions

4.56 (1.24)

2.22 (1.20)

 < .0001

Velopharyngeal function

2.89 (0.33)

1.89 (0.93)

 < .0001

Articulation proficiency

3.33 (1.80)

2.11 (0.78)

 < .0001

Overall intelligibility

3.78 (1.72)

2.11 (0.93)

 < .0001

Voice quality

1.33 (0.50)

1.33 (0.50)

NS

  1. ACPA American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, NS not significant
  2. p ≤ 0.05