Table 2 Learning objectives and common task trainers used in OHNS boot camps
Study | Learning objective/curriculum design | Task trainer stations |
|---|---|---|
Washington, USA Group | Needs assessment identified common OHNS: airway, bleeding, and other emergencies as high yield topics Program based on graduated levels of complexity allowing participants to develop a framework to build on acquired skills Learning modules contained specific objectives and skills to be accomplished containing elements of the ACGME competencies Overall objectives of the camp were to: recognize and triage typical OHNS emergencies, perform basic emergency management skills, and communicate effectively with the team Objectives designed to be clear, active, and whenever possible measurable | Bag mask ventilation Tracheal intubation Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy Microlaryngoscopy/bronchoscopy Epistaxis Cricothyroidotomy with tracheostomy tube change PTA simulator |
Canadian Group | Overall camp objectives are for junior OHNS to perform routine emergency on-call procedures, optimize skills in emergency triage, improve communication and leadership skills in stressful situation Camp pedagogy was to deliver simulation in a non-threatening, controlled environment to facilitate trainees improving procedural skills with immediate debrief and feedback | PTA Post Tonsillectomy bleed Epistaxis Lateral canthotomy Surgical airway (Tracheostomy) Non-surgical airway (bronchoscopy and intubation; pediatric and adult) |
UK Group | The objective of the program was for participants to understand the management of key topic areas including infectious airway obstruction, epistaxis, post-operative problems, neck trauma, epistaxis, blocked tracheostomy, airway foreign body, and flexible nasal endoscopy Goal of camp was to improve trainee’s knowledge base and performance in the management principles for emergency OHNS scenarios systematic assessment and management principles taught in advanced life support and advanced trauma life support. Teaching emphasized systematic ‘ABC’ approach. Structured feedback was designed to facilitate learning after performing tasks and simulations Curriculum designed to cover OHNS emergencies from a generalist perspective Curriculum utilized the systematic assessment and management principles taught in advanced life support and advanced trauma life support | Basic examination and equipment handling in otology Ear examination, microsuction, foreign body removal Epistaxis: nasal cautery, anterior & posterior packs Flexible nasal endoscopy Tracheostomy/laryngectomy care |
New York, USA Group (NYU) | Educational design based on three main principles: defining a set of airway skills for competency, developing educational program designed to address said competencies, and evaluate program using objective educational tools Program based on a mixture of lecture, video, and simulation-based training sessions incorporating ACGME core competencies for airway skills | Bag mask ventilation Tracheal intubation Fiberoptic intubation Placement of laryngeal mask airway Rigid bronchoscopy Jet ventilation Tracheostomy Cricothyroidotomy |
New York Group (AECM) | Goal of camp to introduce junior OHNS residents to core skills and principles that may equip them to safely and effectively manage common clinical scenarios in a low-risk learning environment Camp objectives designed to: clinical skills, critical thinking, situational awareness, professionalism, and communication Structed debrief and feedback on performance was administered Immediately following completion of simulation | Soft tissue techniques: suturing and knot tying Soft tissue techniques: knot tying Microsurgical technique: myringotomy Microsurgical technique: laryngeal suturing Sinus simulator: sinonasal polypectomy |
Ecuador Group | Goal of program was to introduce three novel simulation teaching modules in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery for capacity building in a low-to middle-income country To address the lack of structured forms of teaching and educational modules while assess efficacy | No task trainers utilized |
California, USA Group | Goal of camp was to compare confidence levels before and after the course to evaluate the efficacy of each station Aimed at improving judgement, technical, and critical thinking skills to prepare residents for high-stakes scenarios they may encounter | Six stations:  Epistaxis  Cricothyrotomy/tracheostomy  Peritonsillar abscess/auricular hematoma  Nasal bone reduction/zygoma reduction/lateral canthotomy/canalicular trauma and probing  Local nerve blocks  Soft tissue reconstruction |