Table 5 Common resources utilized in OHNS boot camps

Washington, USA Group

1. Basic and advanced airway task trainers: adult simulator (SimMan® and AirSim® multi trainers by Laerdal), pediatric simulator (pediatric HAL by Gaurmard), infant simulator (infant and AirSim baby trainer by Laerdal)

2. Epistaxis task trainer: adult airway mannequin with intravenous tubing place within nasal cavity

3. Surgical airway task trainer: fresh porcine larynx

4. PTA task trainer: self-constructed uvula, soft pallet and abscess secured within Resusci Anne mannequin face mask

5. Simulation: SimMan 3 G high fidelity adult-human patient simulator (Laerdal, Wappinger Falls, NY)

Canadian Group

1. Basic and advance airway task trainers: surgical airway stations using porcine model. Surgical airway using combination of pediatric and adult airway models

2. PTA and post-tonsillectomy bleed task trainers: high fidelity cadaveric simulators fresh head and neck cadaveric material. IV tubing containing artificial blood and simulator ‘pus pocket’ surgically placed in anatomical position

3. Surgical airway task trainer: fresh porcine models

4. Simulation: SimMan high fidelity adult-human patient simulator (Laerdal, Wappinger Falls, NY)

UK Group

1. Task trainers: authors do not mention resources

2. Epiglottitis simulation: Laerdal Airway Management Trainer (Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway)

3. Epistaxis simulation: nasal cavity model BIX-LV17 (Chinon Ind., Shanghai, China)

New York, USA Group (NYU)

1. Basic and advanced airway task trainers: pediatric and adult airways (Laerdal, Inc., Wappingers Falls, NY)

2. Surgical airway: cadaveric tracheotomy and cricothyroidotomy. Surgical airway task trainers (Laerdal, Inc., Wappingers Falls, NY)

3. Video lectures: “Management of the Difficult Airway” (Cook Critical Care Division, Cook Inc., Bloomington, IN), and “Adult Airway Management Principles and Techniques” (Silver Platter Education Inc., Newton, MA)

4. Simulation: high-fidelity mannequins used for endoscopy and epistaxis (no details given)

New York Group (AECM)

1. Basic and advanced airway task trainers: no mention of simulators used for adult and pediatric simulations

2. Suturing and knot tying task trainer: traditional pig foot model

3. Microsurgical techniques task trainer (myringotomy and laryngeal suturing): faculty designed simulators (no mention of exact simulator set up)

4. Sinonasal polyps task trainer: simulator using bell peppers and seeds for sinonasal polyps

Ecuador Group

1. Authors mentioned the use of a synthetic rib to plan, carve and assemble an auricular framework in the microtia simulation

2. Novel nasal model stimulator to perform septoplasty, carving and placement of columellar strut grafts, spreader grafts, tip grafts, and for practicing placing a nasal splint

3. Pigs’ feet were used during the facial paralysis workshop on the third day for a suturing workshop to address soft tissue handling deficiencies noted during live surgeries in the previous days

California, USA Group

1. Epistaxis model: tubing directly in the frontal outflow tract through a trephination. Additionally, nasal endoscopy was performed following packing placement

2. Nasal bone/zygoma fracture model: narrow mallet or osteotome to elicit a simple fracture pattern

3. Soft tissue reconstruction station: cadaver heads with soft tissue defects

4. Local nerve blocks station: two cadaveric heads with isolated supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental nerves. Used in combination with a preserved skull to teach the course of the sensory nerves and landmarks

5. Airway fire during tracheostomy, pediatric respiratory code during airway evaluation, dislodged pediatric tracheostomy tube in the ICU, and angioedema in emergency department with inability to intubate or ventilate—SimMan and SimBaby models (Laerdal Medical, Wappingers Falls, NY)

6. Airway exercises station: eight pediatric and adult mannequins

7. Assembly and foreign body extraction: used bronchoscopes and a KARL STORZ tele pack

8. Facial trauma station: Synthes® plating modules and composite skulls