Table 2 Comparing baseline characteristics of the derivation group and the validation group
From: Development and validation of the modified index of fragility in head and neck cancer surgery
Variables (%) | Derivation cohort (n = 16 407) | Validation cohort (n = 7031) |
|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | Â | Â |
Gender (male) | 10,350 (63.1) | 4507 (64.1) |
Age (years) | Â | Â |
< 50 | 3451 (21.0) | 1524 (21.7) |
50–59 | 3815 (23.3) | 1658 (23.6) |
60–69 | 4466 (27.2) | 1933 (27.5) |
70–79 | 3049 (18.6) | 1272 (18.1) |
80–89 | 1446 (8.8) | 564 (8.0) |
90+ | 140 (0.9) | 63 (0.9) |
Life habits | Â | Â |
Current smoker | 4036 (24.6) | 1825 (26.0) |
Current alcohol user | 271 (1.7) | 109 (1.6) |
Cardiorespiratory comorbidity | Â | Â |
Exacerbation of CHFa | 93 (0.6) | 38 (0.5) |
Myocardial infarct | 15 (0.1) | 3 (0.04) |
Medicated hypertension | 7557 (46.1) | 3190 (45.4) |
Dyspnea | 1235 (7.5) | 535 (7.6) |
Severe COPDb | 1023 (6.2) | 416 (5.9) |
Renal and hematological comorbidity | Â | Â |
Mean creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.95 | 0.95 |
Mean sodium (mmol/L) | 139.0 | 139.0 |
Mean hematocrit (%) | 40.0 | 40.0 |
Metabolic comorbidity | Â | Â |
Long term steroid use | 628 (3.8) | 252 (3.6) |
Diabetes mellitus | 2223 (13.5) | 996 (14.2) |
Other comorbidities | Â | Â |
Disseminated cancer | 1098 (6.7) | 468 (6.7) |
Wound infection | 577 (3.5) | 248 (3.5) |
Sepsis ≤ 48 h before surgery | 156 (0.1) | 55 (0.8) |
Physical measurements | Â | Â |
Weight lossc | 721 (4.4) | 304 (4.3) |
Mean albumin (g/dL) | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Mean BMId | 27.9 | 27.8 |
Underweight (BMI < 18.0) | 416 (2.5) | 158 (2.2) |
Normal (BMI 18.0–25.9) | 6711 (40.9) | 2847 (40.5) |
Overweight (BMI 26.0–29.9) | 10,602 (64.6) | 4507 (64.1) |
Obese Class 1 (BMI 30.0–34.9) | 13,371 (81.5) | 5667 (80.6) |
Obese Class 2 (BMI 35.0–39.9) | 13,652 (83.2) | 5829 (82.9) |
Obese Class 3 (BMI ≥ 40) | 903 (5.5) | 376 (5.3) |
Surgical characteristics | Â | Â |
Oral cavity | 2107 (12.8) | 884 (12.6) |
Salivary | 2555 (15.6) | 1147 (16.3) |
Neck dissection | 3161 (19.3) | 1375 (19.6) |
Larynx | 1076 (6.6) | 473 (6.7) |
Pharynx | 476 (2.9) | 201 (2.9) |
Craniofacial | 557 (3.4) | 228 (3.2) |
Integumentary | 108 (0.7) | 44 (0.6) |
Reconstruction | 1444 (8.8) | 615 (8.7) |
Other types of surgery | 63 (0.4) | 30 (0.4) |
Cases of free tissue transfers | 3043 (18.5) | 1313 (18.7) |
Cases of tracheostomy | 1659 (10.1) | 720 (10.2) |
Mean operative time (hour) | 5.0 | 5.0 |