Chylothorax in thyroid surgery: a very rare case and systematic review of the literature

Table 2 Symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of chylothorax

Author, Year	Case no.	Postoperative Symptoms	Side of Chylothorax	Cervical Chyle Leak (Side)	POD of Chylothorax	Imaging (Thorax)	Treatment
Author, Year	Case no.	Postoperative Symptoms	Side of Chylothorax	Cervical Chyle Leak (Side)	POD of Chylothorax	Imaging (Thorax)	Thorax drain	Duration of drainage (days)	Diet^c	Surgical Revision
Har-El, 1985 [27]	1	dyspnea, chest pain	Bilat.	no	3	X	Right^a	<1	yes	no
Jabbar,1995 [7]	2	dyspnea, chest pain	Bilat.	no	4	X	Bilat.	<1	no	no
Lifante, 2007 [17]	3	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	RS	N/A	N/A	yes
Lifante, 2007 [17]	4	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	RS	N/A	N/A	no
Bae, 2007 [25]	5	dyspnea, chest discomfort	Bilat.	no	7	X + CT	Bilat.	N/A	yes	no
Bae, 2007 [25]	6	dyspnea	Bilat.	no	3	X + CT	Bilat.	3	yes	no
Tsukahara, 2007 [22]	7	dyspnea	Bilat.	no	2	X	Bilat.	2	yes	no
Roh, 2007 [15]	8	N/A	Bilat.	yes (Left)	25	N/A	Bilat.	20	yes	yes^d
Paliogiannis, 2009 [16]	9	N/A	Left	N/A	N/A	N/A	Left	20	yes	no
Paliogiannis, 2009 [16]	10	N/A	Left	N/A	N/A	N/A	Left	N/A	N/A	yes
Han, 2009 [20]	11	dyspnea, chest pain	Bilat.	no	8	X	Left^a	5	yes	no
Khurana, 2009 [23]	12	dyspnea, chest discomfort	Bilat.	no	1	X	Bilat.	9	yes	yes^e
Tallón-Aguilar, 2010 [26]	13	dyspnea	Bilat.	N/A	3	X	Left^a	N/A	yes	yes^f
Li,2013 [12]	14	chest discomfort	Bilat.	yes (N/A)	2	N/A	Bilat.	N/A	yes	no
Li,2013 [12]	15	dyspnea, chest discomfort	Bilat.	yes (N/A)	8	N/A	Bilat.	N/A	yes	no
Tian, 2012 [13] Li, 2013 [12]	16^g	chest discomfort	Bilat.	yes (Left)	2	X	Bilat.	15	yes	yes
	17^g	dyspnea, chest discomfort	Left	no	4	X	Left	4	yes	no
	18^g	dyspnea, chest discomfort	Bilat.	yes (N/A)	3	US	Bilat.	7	yes	no
Runge, 2014 [21]	19	dyspnea, chest discomfort	Bilat.	no	2	CT	Bilat.	7	yes^b	yes^e,f
Our case	20	dyspnea, abdominal pain	Bilat.	yes (Left)	3	CT	Bilat.	17	yes	no

Bilat. bilateral; X standard X-ray; CT computertomography; N/A not available; POD postoperative day; RS retrosternal; US ultrasound
^aunilateral thoracic drainage, but bilateral chylothorax described
^bpatient received additionally octreotide administration
^cconsisting of enteral diet rich in medium-chain triglycerides and/or total parenteral nutrition
^dgelfoam packing, fistula ligation and pectoralis major muscle flap transfer
^ewound exploration without identification of leak site
^fthoracic duct ligation +/− sealing with biological glue
^g3 cases of Li 2013 [12] were previously published as case reports in Tian 2012 [13]

ISSN: 1916-0216