Table 1 Characteristics of patients according to swallowing ability according to SASS
From: The prospective evaluation and risk factors of dysphagia after surgery in patients with oral cancer
Characteristics | Swallowing ability | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Good n (%) | Poor n (%) | ||
Number of patients | 41 (64.1) | 23 (35.9) | |
Sex | |||
Male | 20 (48.8) | 13 (56.5) | 0.425 α |
Female | 21 (51.2) | 10 (43.5) | |
Age | |||
Range (years) | 24–82 | 15–88 | |
Mean ± SD | 66.4 ± 12.7 | 67.7 ± 15.2 | 0.485 β |
Smoking history | |||
No | 28 (68.3) | 12 (52.2) | 0.282 α |
Yes | 13 (31.7) | 11 (47.8) | |
Alcohol drinking | |||
No | 24 (58.5) | 12 (52.2) | 0.793 α |
Yes | 17 (41.5) | 11 (47.8) | |
Performance status | |||
0 | 36 (87.8) | 17 (73.9) | 0.182 α |
1 | 5 (12.2) | 6 (26.1) | |
ASA Physical Status Classification | |||
1 | 7 (17.1) | 5 (21.7) | 0.742 α |
2 | 34 (82.9) | 18 (78.3) | |
BMI | |||
Range (kg/m2) | 16.0–32.1 | 14.5–27.2 | |
Mean ± SD | 22.9 ± 3.9 | 21.1 ± 3.3 | 0.109 β |
Body weight on hospital discharge | |||
Range (kg/m2) | 32.5.0–81.0 | 35.2–69.3 | |
Mean ± SD | 55.6 ± 12.4 | 50.2 ± 8.3 | 0.084 β |
Total protein | |||
Range (g/dl) | 6.1–8.1 | 6.4–8.1 | |
Mean ± SD | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 0.389 β |
Albumin | |||
Range (g/dl) | 3.0–4.8 | 3.3–5.0 | |
Mean ± SD | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 4.1 ± 0.4 | 0.236 β |
Subsite | |||
Tongue | 13 (31.7) | 6 (26.1) | 0.878 γ |
Buccal mucosa | 5 (12.2) | 3 (13.0) | |
Floor of the mouth | 3 (7.3) | 2 (8.7) | |
Upper gingiva | 6 (14.6) | 3 (13.0) | |
Lower gingiva | 12 (29.3) | 9 (39.1) | |
Other | 2 (4.9) | 0 (0) | |
Tongue | 13 (31.7) | 6 (26.1) | 0.250 α |
Others | 28 (68.3) | 17 (73.9) | |
T stage | |||
1 | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 * γ |
2 | 30 (73.2) | 6 (26.1) | |
3 | 3 (7.3) | 9 (39.1) | |
4a/b | 7 (17.1) | 8 (34.8) | |
1, 2 | 31 (75.6) | 6 (26.1) | < 0.001 * α |
3, 4 | 10 (24.4) | 17 (73.9) | |
N stage | |||
0 | 30 (73.2) | 10 (43.5) | 0.057 γ |
1 | 6 (14.6) | 6 (26.1) | |
2b | 5 (12.2) | 5 (21.7) | |
2c | 0 | 2 (8.7) | |
0 | 30 (73.2) | 10 (43.5) | 0.031 * α |
1, 2 | 11 (26.8) | 13 (56.5) | |
Bilateral neck dissection | |||
No | 38 (92.7) | 14 (60.9) | 0.005 * α |
Yes | 3 (7.3) | 9 (39.1) | |
Type of neck dissection | |||
Selective neck dissection | 34 (82.9) | 12 (52.2) | 0.019 * α |
Modified radical neck dissection | 7 (17.1) | 11 (47.8) | |
Resection of unilateral/bilateral suprahyoid muscles | |||
No | 25 (61.0) | 6 (26.1) | 0.010 * α |
Yes | 16 (39.0) | 17 (73.9) | |
No | 25 (61.0) | 6 (26.1) | 0.019 * γ |
Resection of unilateral suprahyoid muscles | 14 (34.1) | 13 (56.5) | |
Resection of bilateral suprahyoid muscles | 2 (4.9) | 4 (17.4) | |
Types of reconstruction flap | |||
Forearm | 29 (70.7) | 11 (47.8) | 0.320 γ |
Rectus abdominis | 6 (14.6) | 7 (30.4) | |
Fibular | 5 (12.2) | 4 (17.4) | |
Pectoral major musculocutaneous | 1 (2.4) | 1 (4.3) | |
Radial forearm | 29 (70.7) | 11 (47.8) | 0.106 α |
Others | 12 (29.3) | 12 (52.2) | |
Blood loss | |||
Range (ml) | 160–2358 | 180–2345 | |
Mean ± SD | 683.7 ± 467.3 | 695.5 ± 459.6 | 0.845 β |
Operation time | |||
Range (min) | 345–917 | 517–832 | |
Mean ± SD | 646.1 ± 120.7 | 706.7 ± 80.5 | 0.035 * β |
Blood transfusion | |||
No | 32 (78.0) | 13 (56.5) | 0.091 α |
Yes | 9 (22.0) | 10 (43.5) | |
Surgical site infection | |||
No | 31 (75.6) | 19 (82.6) | 0.754 α |
Yes | 10 (24.4) | 4 (17.4) | |
Postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy | |||
No | 31 (75.6) | 13 (56.5) | 0.161 α |
Yes | 10 (24.4) | 10 (43.5) | |